Snow Past References

Past Overview

• Brown, R.D., 2000: Northern Hemisphere snow cover variability and change, 1915-1997. J. Climate, 13, 2339-2355.
• Brown, R.D. and D.A. Robinson, 2011: Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover variability and change over 1922-2010 including an assessment of uncertainty, The Cryosphere, 5, 219-229, doi:10.5194/tc-5-219-2011, 2011.
• Frei, A., M.G. Hughes and D.A. Robinson. 1999: North American snow extent: 1910-1994. Int'l. J. Climatology, 19, 1517-1534.
• Vincent, L.A., X. Zhang, R.D. Brown, Y. Feng, E. Mekis, E.J. Milewska, H. Wan, and X.L. Wang, 2015: Observed Trends in Canada’s Climate and Influence of Low-Frequency Variability Modes. J. Climate, 28, 4545–4560. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00697.1

Recent History

• Brown, R.D. and D.A. Robinson, 2011: Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover variability and change over 1922-2010 including an assessment of uncertainty, The Cryosphere, 5, 219-229, doi:10.5194/tc-5-219-2011, 2011.
• Derksen, C., & Brown, R. (2012). Snow. Retrieved from Arctic Report Card: Update for 2012: https://www.innovation.ca/sites/default/files/Rome2013/files/NOAA%20Arctic%20Report%20Card%202012.pdf
• IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp.
• Kim, Y., Kimball, J.S., Robinson, D.A., Derksen, C. (2015) New satellite climate data records indicate strong coupling between recent frozen season changes and snow cover over high northern latitudes. Environmental Research Letters, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084004

Historical SWE Mapping

• Brown, R.D., B. Brasnett and D. Robinson, 2003: Gridded North American monthly snow depth and snow water equivalent for GCM evaluation. Atmosphere-Ocean, 41, 1-14.
• Derksen, C., A. Walker, and B. Goodison. 2003. A comparison of 18 winter seasons of in situ and passive microwave derived snow water equivalent estimates in Western Canada. Remote Sensing of Environment. 88(3): 271-282.
• Derksen, C., 2008: The contribution of AMSR-E 18.7 and 10.7 GHz measurements to improved boreal forest snow water equivalent retrievals. Remote Sensing of Environment. 112: 2700-2709.
• Derksen, C., P. Toose, A. Rees, L. Wang, M. English, A. Walker, and M. Sturm. 2010. Development of a tundra-specific snow water equivalent retrieval algorithm for satellite passive microwave data. Remote Sensing of Environment. 114: 1699-1709.
• Goodison, B.E., I. Rubinstein, F.W. Thirkettle and E.J. Langham, 1986: Determination of snow water equivalent on the Canadian prairies using passive microwave radiometry. I.A.H.S. Publication 155 (Symposium at Budapest 1986 - Modelling Snowmelt-Induced Processes), 163-173.
• MSC, 2000: Canadian Snow Data CD-ROM. CRYSYS Project, Climate Processes and Earth Observation Division, Meteorological Service of Canada, Downsview, Ontario, January 2000.